Effect of uncertainty of pipeline impedance on hydraulic analysis of heat-supply networks

Studies the uncertainty of pipe flow and node pressure resulting from the uncertainty of pipeline impedance by means of the first order Taylor expansion. Based on the normal distribution, deduces the probability density distributions of pipe flow and node pressure and the numerical features such as mathematic expectation and variance. The results of an example analyses indicate that the uncertainty of pipeline impedance has notable effects on pipe flow and node pressure in heat-supply networks.